Beyond the Pap(巴氏试验以外)
　　Para 1 Scientists (第一题：文章确实谈到了科学家发现了引起宫颈癌的原因，但是文章并没有提到是美国科学家发现的，所以第一题选择“C：Not Mentioned”。)have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered (由…引起)by a family of (一组病毒)viruses called human papillomavirus(*状瘤病毒)，or HPV. Most women who become infected with(感染这种病毒) HPV are able to shake off the virus (摆脱这种病毒)and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health(不会对身体造成长期、明显的负面影响). But a few women develop a persistent infection (持续感染)that can，for reasons that are not entirely clear，eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix. (但是。一些妇女会引发持续感染，最终导致子宫颈癌变。从此可以判断：第二题，选择“A：Right”)
　　Para 2 Now researchers at the Digene Corp.of Beltsville，Maryland ，have developed a test (研发出新的检测方式) that detects an active HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina. The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage(第三题：)，according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association. So far，so good. Unfortunately，the test's false-positive rate —— how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed —— was almost twice as high as that for the pap smear. In these cases，a biopsy Of the woman's cervix showed no sign of disease. (第三题：该检验的假阳性率几乎是巴氏涂片假阳性率的两倍。)
　　Para 3 And that's the crux of the problem. How many women should undergo what is，when it comes right down to it，unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn't health officials focus instead on making sure that more women undergo regular Pap-smear examinations? After all，Pap smears，though far from perfect，have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer，taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th. (第四题和第五题：)
　　Para 4 Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection. In some parts of the US as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case. Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV -positive will never get cervical cancer， estimates Dr. Joanna Cain， vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. "If those 99 women live their lives as if they're going to develop cancer，" she says， "we're not necessarily doing them any good. "
　　Para 5 At present， the HPV test is approved in the US only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Pap-smear test. Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the pap. But they're not willing to abandon it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.
　　词汇:
　　cervical adj.颈的;子宫颈的
　　trigger vt.发动;引起;促使
　　papillomavirus n.* 状瘤病毒
　　cancerous adj.生癌的;患癌的; 像癌的
　　cervix n.器官的颈部(尤指子宫颈、膀胱颈)
　　byproduct n.(意外或无心的)附带产生的结果;副产品
　　vagina n.阴道
　　Pap smear， Pap test = Papanicolaou test帕帕 尼科拉乌试验，巴氏试验
　　smear n.(显微镜的)涂片;污迹，污斑;诽谤，诋毁
　　biopsy n.活组织检查; (为检查和诊断而作的)活组织切除
　　obstetrician n.产科医师
　　gynecologist n.妇科学家
　　ambiguous adj.含糊不清的; 不明确的;难以理解(或区分)的